Description

The client was looking into importing LNG from multiple sources. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model to manage the composition and heating value variability due to LNG ageing during storage. The model focused on controlling the maximum heating value and gas composition through nitrogen spiking and control of the minimum send-out rate. The model also identified potential LNG cargo compositions outside the third-party pipeline specification that could not be managed through nitrogen spiking.  

Challenge

When the LNG is received with different compositions, the issue of LNG ageing, pressure build-up in the storage tank and change in the output gas heating value is quite common. There are several factors influencing BOG: the LNG delivery temperature and pressure, tank temperature and pressure, ambient conditions, loading conditions, insulation, and sloshing. The boil off could be managed by supplying boil off gas to auxiliary equipment, controlling minimum send-out, and/or re-liquefaction as required. Predictive modeling to manage the above challenges was required to provide indicative results and guidance to the client.  

Solution

BE&R developed and supplied a user friendly excel model to integrate with client process systems which calculated the amount of BOG and change in export gas specifications over a range of LNG compositions and send-out rates. The model can be used to determine the rate of increase in stored LNG heating value as the volatile components (methane and nitrogen) boil-off and provides the client with a predictive strategy to manage change in composition with time.   

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Description

BE&R Consulting was engaged by the company wanting to invest in a FSRU LNG import facility project in the East coat of Australia. The client needed to undertake high-level fatal flaw review of the concept development of the FSRU. BE&R vetted the technical and non-technical documents available at the concept phase to assess the conceptual design and cost estimate for the proposed project. The preassessment of FSRU has showed the storage capacity to be 170,000m3 of LNG.  

Challenge 

The client necessitates the assessment of concept phase documentation with varying levels of detail and cost accuracy to be scrutinized to undertake the investment in the proposed asset. The challenge was to provide the client with informative and constructive advice, criticism and strategy on the available documents which would enable them to make an informed decision on whether to invest in the project or not.  

Solution 

BE&R through its experienced LNG marine, facilities, and project personnel highlighted the key areas of risks associated to the concept stage and recommended the possible actions deemed necessary at this phase of the project. BE&R investigated the compatibility of the proposed FSRU with the possible tie-in with the existing pipeline network and proposed the potential hot taps to connect the FSRU to the gas network. In addition, BE&R reviewed the project approvals process involving ports and environmental approval processes which could impact the project schedule and recommended the plan to overcome these issues. Also, review of concept design and project management documents was undertaken to allow corrective actions and decisions to be incorporated to the next phase of the project.  

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Description

BE&R and Vanguard Solutions (Safety & Environment Consultants) conducted an environmental assessment, marine assessment, and safety review of a proposed FSRU for a government environmental protection authority.

The review’s objective was to assist the environmental protection authority to determine whether the proposed marine design, facilities design, and operation of the FSRU was industry best practice with respect to minimising environmental impact considering the proposed location of the FSRU and if there could be improvements. The review also assessed the completeness of the submissions concerning the identification and assessment of health and safety risks arising from the proposed FSRU facility and its operation.

Challenge

The challenge was to provide the client with informative and constructive observations and recommendations regarding the FSRU operation and its impact on the marine life and the localities surrounding the facility.

Solution

BE&R utilised its expertise in FSRU operations to assess marine issues/operations such as:

• Boil-off gas management
• Flag state issues
• Sea-water intake design given the silty water conditions
• Electro-chlorination system
• Drydocking requirements
• Mooring study requirements
• Exclusion zone considerations
• Ship to ship LNG transfer requirements

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